IUE-SFL · Writing Skills and Strategies · Student’s Copy

Unit 1
Lifestyles

A descriptive paragraph about an activity you enjoy in your free time.

Descriptive writing
A

Understand

About this text type

What is descriptive writing?

A descriptive paragraph paints a picture with words. You describe a person, place, activity or lifestyle so that the reader can clearly imagine what you are writing about.

Purpose. to help the reader picture and understand what you are describing.

Key features

  • Use specific adjectives to describe exactly what things look or feel like — not just “nice” or “good”.
  • Use the present simple with frequency adverbs (always, usually, often) to describe habits and routines.
  • Include at least one concrete example to make your description real and believable.
  • End with a personal comment — how the activity or lifestyle makes you feel.

Remember — your paragraph has three parts

  1. Topic sentence. Introduce your topic in your own words. Do not copy the question.
  2. Body sentences. Give 3–4 descriptive details. Use linking words and at least one example.
  3. Concluding sentence. Give a personal comment on how the topic makes you feel. Use Overall, / To sum up,
B

Study

Grammar & vocabulary

Vocabulary bank

Word / phraseMeaningExample sentence
activitysomething you do for enjoyment or exerciseCycling is my favourite outdoor activity.
free timetime when you are not studying or workingIn my free time, I enjoy reading novels.
hobbysomething you enjoy doing regularlyHer hobby is photography — she takes photos everywhere.
relaxinghelping you to rest and feel calmI find swimming very relaxing after a stressful week.
outdoorhappening or done outside, in the open airShe prefers outdoor activities like hiking and cycling.
improveto get better at somethingPlaying chess regularly can improve your thinking skills.
spend timeto use time doing a particular activityI love spending time with friends at the weekend.
habitsomething you do regularly, often without thinkingGoing for a morning walk is a very healthy habit.

Grammar Present simple + frequency adverbs

StructureExample
always / usuallyI always go for a walk before breakfast.
often / sometimesShe often reads a book in the evenings.
rarely / neverHe rarely stays at home at the weekend.
enjoy / love / like + -ingI enjoy cooking healthy meals for my family.

Useful linking words Notice the example sentences — they show you exactly how to use each word.

Linking wordWhen to use itExample sentence
First, / First of allTo begin your descriptionFirst of all, I usually go cycling at weekends.
Also, / In additionTo add another detailI also enjoy hiking in the mountains near my city.
For example, / For instanceTo give a specific exampleFor example, last month I discovered a beautiful new route.
HoweverTo add a contrastHowever, I find it difficult to go out when it rains.
To sum upTo end with a personal commentTo sum up, cycling keeps me healthy and very happy.

Extra practice · Part A Choose the correct linking word.

1I love spending time outdoors in summer. ?, in winter I prefer to stay at home and read books.
2I enjoy many different outdoor activities. ?, last weekend I went hiking in the mountains with my friends.
3Cycling keeps me fit and healthy. ?, it gives me the chance to explore new places at the weekend.
4?, I think having a hobby is very important for your health and happiness.

Part B Complete these sentences with your own ideas.

1In addition, … add a detail
2For example, … give one specific case
C

Analyse

Sample paragraph

Read the paragraph, then use the panel beside it to see how it is built. Click any row to light up that sentence.

A Love of Cycling

One activity I really enjoy in my free time is cycling. First, I usually go cycling at the weekends with my friends along the coastal road near our city, which is very beautiful and peaceful. Cycling is also very good for my health — for example, it helps me stay fit and reduces my stress after a busy week at university. In addition, I love cycling because it gives me a chance to discover new places. Last month, I found a small village that I had never visited before, and we had lunch at a lovely café there. However, I do find it difficult to stay motivated when the weather is cold or rainy, so in winter I prefer to exercise indoors. Overall, cycling is more than just a hobby for me — it keeps me healthy, happy, and connected to the world around me.

Topic sentenceBody sentencesConcluding sentence

Discussion Talk to your partner.

  1. What specific words make this paragraph descriptive? Find three examples.
  2. Which sentence is the topic sentence? Why is it a good topic sentence?
  3. What linking words does the writer use? Could you replace any of them with different ones?
D

Practise

Controlled exercises

Exercise 1 Put the sentences in the correct order (1–5) to make a good paragraph. Use the arrows to move a sentence up or down.

  • ?AFor example, I feel much calmer and happier after I finish playing.
  • ?BIn conclusion, playing the guitar is one of my favourite ways to spend my free time.
  • ?COne activity I enjoy in my free time is playing the guitar.
  • ?DIt also helps me relax after a long and difficult day at university.
  • ?EFirst of all, I practise for about an hour every evening after dinner.

Exercise 2 Complete each sentence with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.

outdoorhobbyimprovespendrelaxing
1My favourite is photography — I take pictures of nature and city life.
2I usually my weekends walking in the park or cycling with friends.
3I find painting very because it helps me forget about stress and deadlines.
4Playing sport regularly can both your physical health and your mood.
5She prefers activities because she loves fresh air and being in nature.
E

Write

Your own paragraph

What activity do you enjoy in your free time? Write a paragraph of at least 130 words.

One paragraph · three parts · minimum 130 words.

My plan Notes first — then write.

Self-check Tick each box when you are sure.

0 of 5 checked.

My paragraph

0 / 130 words

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